diff --git a/core/modules/entity/entity.query.inc b/core/modules/entity/entity.query.inc
index fb7ebf0..f854369 100644
--- a/core/modules/entity/entity.query.inc
+++ b/core/modules/entity/entity.query.inc
@@ -265,9 +265,9 @@ class EntityFieldQuery {
    * @param $delta_group
    *   An arbitrary identifier: conditions in the same group must have the same
    *   $delta_group.
-   * @param $language_group
+   * @param $langcode_group
    *   An arbitrary identifier: conditions in the same group must have the same
-   *   $language_group.
+   *   $langcode_group.
    *
    * @return EntityFieldQuery
    *   The called object.
@@ -275,8 +275,8 @@ class EntityFieldQuery {
    * @see EntityFieldQuery::addFieldCondition
    * @see EntityFieldQuery::deleted
    */
-  public function fieldCondition($field, $column = NULL, $value = NULL, $operator = NULL, $delta_group = NULL, $language_group = NULL) {
-    return $this->addFieldCondition($this->fieldConditions, $field, $column, $value, $operator, $delta_group, $language_group);
+  public function fieldCondition($field, $column = NULL, $value = NULL, $operator = NULL, $delta_group = NULL, $langcode_group = NULL) {
+    return $this->addFieldCondition($this->fieldConditions, $field, $column, $value, $operator, $delta_group, $langcode_group);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -291,9 +291,9 @@ class EntityFieldQuery {
    * @param $delta_group
    *   An arbitrary identifier: conditions in the same group must have the same
    *   $delta_group.
-   * @param $language_group
+   * @param $langcode_group
    *   An arbitrary identifier: conditions in the same group must have the same
-   *   $language_group.
+   *   $langcode_group.
    *
    * @return EntityFieldQuery
    *   The called object.
@@ -301,8 +301,8 @@ class EntityFieldQuery {
    * @see EntityFieldQuery::addFieldCondition
    * @see EntityFieldQuery::deleted
    */
-  public function fieldLanguageCondition($field, $value = NULL, $operator = NULL, $delta_group = NULL, $language_group = NULL) {
-    return $this->addFieldCondition($this->fieldMetaConditions, $field, 'language', $value, $operator, $delta_group, $language_group);
+  public function fieldLanguageCondition($field, $value = NULL, $operator = NULL, $delta_group = NULL, $langcode_group = NULL) {
+    return $this->addFieldCondition($this->fieldMetaConditions, $field, 'langcode', $value, $operator, $delta_group, $langcode_group);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -317,9 +317,9 @@ class EntityFieldQuery {
    * @param $delta_group
    *   An arbitrary identifier: conditions in the same group must have the same
    *   $delta_group.
-   * @param $language_group
+   * @param $langcode_group
    *   An arbitrary identifier: conditions in the same group must have the same
-   *   $language_group.
+   *   $langcode_group.
    *
    * @return EntityFieldQuery
    *   The called object.
@@ -327,8 +327,8 @@ class EntityFieldQuery {
    * @see EntityFieldQuery::addFieldCondition
    * @see EntityFieldQuery::deleted
    */
-  public function fieldDeltaCondition($field, $value = NULL, $operator = NULL, $delta_group = NULL, $language_group = NULL) {
-    return $this->addFieldCondition($this->fieldMetaConditions, $field, 'delta', $value, $operator, $delta_group, $language_group);
+  public function fieldDeltaCondition($field, $value = NULL, $operator = NULL, $delta_group = NULL, $langcode_group = NULL) {
+    return $this->addFieldCondition($this->fieldMetaConditions, $field, 'delta', $value, $operator, $delta_group, $langcode_group);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -367,14 +367,14 @@ class EntityFieldQuery {
    *   against any combination of deltas. By passing the conditions with the
    *   same $delta_group it will ensure that only values attached to the same
    *   delta are matched, and entity 1 would then be excluded from the results.
-   * @param $language_group
+   * @param $langcode_group
    *   An arbitrary identifier: conditions in the same group must have the same
-   *   $language_group.
+   *   $langcode_group.
    *
    * @return EntityFieldQuery
    *   The called object.
    */
-  protected function addFieldCondition(&$conditions, $field, $column = NULL, $value = NULL, $operator = NULL, $delta_group = NULL, $language_group = NULL) {
+  protected function addFieldCondition(&$conditions, $field, $column = NULL, $value = NULL, $operator = NULL, $delta_group = NULL, $langcode_group = NULL) {
     if (is_scalar($field)) {
       $field_definition = field_info_field($field);
       if (empty($field_definition)) {
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ class EntityFieldQuery {
         'value' => $value,
         'operator' => $operator,
         'delta_group' => $delta_group,
-        'language_group' => $language_group,
+        'langcode_group' => $langcode_group,
       );
     }
     return $this;
diff --git a/core/modules/entity/tests/entity_query.test b/core/modules/entity/tests/entity_query.test
index cdbb49d..fb5dc14 100644
--- a/core/modules/entity/tests/entity_query.test
+++ b/core/modules/entity/tests/entity_query.test
@@ -1526,7 +1526,9 @@ class EntityFieldQueryTestCase extends DrupalWebTestCase {
         sort($results);
         sort($intended_results);
       }
-      $this->assertEqual($results, $intended_results, $message);
+      if (!$this->assertEqual($results, $intended_results, $message)) {
+        debug($results, $message);
+      }
     }
     catch (Exception $e) {
       $this->fail('Exception thrown: '. $e->getMessage());
diff --git a/core/modules/field/field.api.php b/core/modules/field/field.api.php
index e9eda12..d9061e1 100644
--- a/core/modules/field/field.api.php
+++ b/core/modules/field/field.api.php
@@ -1459,10 +1459,10 @@ function hook_field_attach_prepare_translation_alter(&$entity, $context) {
 /**
  * Perform alterations on field_language() values.
  *
- * This hook is invoked to alter the array of display languages for the given
- * entity.
+ * This hook is invoked to alter the array of display language codes for the
+ * given entity.
  *
- * @param $display_language
+ * @param $display_langcode
  *   A reference to an array of language codes keyed by field name.
  * @param $context
  *   An associative array containing:
@@ -1470,11 +1470,11 @@ function hook_field_attach_prepare_translation_alter(&$entity, $context) {
  *   - entity: The entity with fields to render.
  *   - langcode: The language code $entity has to be displayed in.
  */
-function hook_field_language_alter(&$display_language, $context) {
+function hook_field_language_alter(&$display_langcode, $context) {
   // Do not apply core language fallback rules if they are disabled or if Locale
   // is not registered as a translation handler.
   if (variable_get('locale_field_language_fallback', TRUE) && field_has_translation_handler($context['entity_type'], 'locale')) {
-    locale_field_language_fallback($display_language, $context['entity'], $context['language']);
+    locale_field_language_fallback($display_langcode, $context['entity'], $context['langcode']);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1482,22 +1482,22 @@ function hook_field_language_alter(&$display_language, $context) {
  * Alter field_available_languages() values.
  *
  * This hook is invoked from field_available_languages() to allow modules to
- * alter the array of available languages for the given field.
+ * alter the array of available language codes for the given field.
  *
- * @param $languages
+ * @param $langcodes
  *   A reference to an array of language codes to be made available.
  * @param $context
  *   An associative array containing:
  *   - entity_type: The type of the entity the field is attached to.
  *   - field: A field data structure.
  */
-function hook_field_available_languages_alter(&$languages, $context) {
-  // Add an unavailable language.
-  $languages[] = 'xx';
+function hook_field_available_languages_alter(&$langcodes, $context) {
+  // Add an unavailable language code.
+  $langcodes[] = 'xx';
 
-  // Remove an available language.
-  $index = array_search('yy', $languages);
-  unset($languages[$index]);
+  // Remove an available language code.
+  $index = array_search('yy', $langcodes);
+  unset($langcodes[$index]);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1712,7 +1712,7 @@ function hook_field_storage_load($entity_type, $entities, $age, $fields, $option
       ->fields('t')
       ->condition('entity_type', $entity_type)
       ->condition($load_current ? 'entity_id' : 'revision_id', $ids, 'IN')
-      ->condition('language', field_available_languages($entity_type, $field), 'IN')
+      ->condition('langcode', field_available_languages($entity_type, $field), 'IN')
       ->orderBy('delta');
 
     if (empty($options['deleted'])) {
@@ -1723,11 +1723,11 @@ function hook_field_storage_load($entity_type, $entities, $age, $fields, $option
 
     $delta_count = array();
     foreach ($results as $row) {
-      if (!isset($delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->language])) {
-        $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->language] = 0;
+      if (!isset($delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->langcode])) {
+        $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->langcode] = 0;
       }
 
-      if ($field['cardinality'] == FIELD_CARDINALITY_UNLIMITED || $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->language] < $field['cardinality']) {
+      if ($field['cardinality'] == FIELD_CARDINALITY_UNLIMITED || $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->langcode] < $field['cardinality']) {
         $item = array();
         // For each column declared by the field, populate the item
         // from the prefixed database column.
@@ -1737,8 +1737,8 @@ function hook_field_storage_load($entity_type, $entities, $age, $fields, $option
         }
 
         // Add the item to the field values for the entity.
-        $entities[$row->entity_id]->{$field_name}[$row->language][] = $item;
-        $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->language]++;
+        $entities[$row->entity_id]->{$field_name}[$row->langcode][] = $item;
+        $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->langcode]++;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -1773,39 +1773,39 @@ function hook_field_storage_write($entity_type, $entity, $op, $fields) {
     $table_name = _field_sql_storage_tablename($field);
     $revision_name = _field_sql_storage_revision_tablename($field);
 
-    $all_languages = field_available_languages($entity_type, $field);
-    $field_languages = array_intersect($all_languages, array_keys((array) $entity->$field_name));
+    $all_langcodes = field_available_languages($entity_type, $field);
+    $field_langcodes = array_intersect($all_langcodes, array_keys((array) $entity->$field_name));
 
     // Delete and insert, rather than update, in case a value was added.
     if ($op == FIELD_STORAGE_UPDATE) {
-      // Delete languages present in the incoming $entity->$field_name.
-      // Delete all languages if $entity->$field_name is empty.
-      $languages = !empty($entity->$field_name) ? $field_languages : $all_languages;
-      if ($languages) {
+      // Delete language codes present in the incoming $entity->$field_name.
+      // Delete all language codes if $entity->$field_name is empty.
+      $langcodes = !empty($entity->$field_name) ? $field_langcodes : $all_langcodes;
+      if ($langcodes) {
         db_delete($table_name)
           ->condition('entity_type', $entity_type)
           ->condition('entity_id', $id)
-          ->condition('language', $languages, 'IN')
+          ->condition('langcode', $langcodes, 'IN')
           ->execute();
         db_delete($revision_name)
           ->condition('entity_type', $entity_type)
           ->condition('entity_id', $id)
           ->condition('revision_id', $vid)
-          ->condition('language', $languages, 'IN')
+          ->condition('langcode', $langcodes, 'IN')
           ->execute();
       }
     }
 
     // Prepare the multi-insert query.
     $do_insert = FALSE;
-    $columns = array('entity_type', 'entity_id', 'revision_id', 'bundle', 'delta', 'language');
+    $columns = array('entity_type', 'entity_id', 'revision_id', 'bundle', 'delta', 'langcode');
     foreach ($field['columns'] as $column => $attributes) {
       $columns[] = _field_sql_storage_columnname($field_name, $column);
     }
     $query = db_insert($table_name)->fields($columns);
     $revision_query = db_insert($revision_name)->fields($columns);
 
-    foreach ($field_languages as $langcode) {
+    foreach ($field_langcodes as $langcode) {
       $items = (array) $entity->{$field_name}[$langcode];
       $delta_count = 0;
       foreach ($items as $delta => $item) {
@@ -1817,7 +1817,7 @@ function hook_field_storage_write($entity_type, $entity, $op, $fields) {
           'revision_id' => $vid,
           'bundle' => $bundle,
           'delta' => $delta,
-          'language' => $langcode,
+          'langcode' => $langcode,
         );
         foreach ($field['columns'] as $column => $attributes) {
           $record[_field_sql_storage_columnname($field_name, $column)] = isset($item[$column]) ? $item[$column] : NULL;
@@ -1955,7 +1955,7 @@ function hook_field_storage_query($query) {
     $sql_field = "$table_alias." . _field_sql_storage_columnname($field['field_name'], $condition['column']);
     $query->addCondition($select_query, $sql_field, $condition);
     // Add delta / language group conditions.
-    foreach (array('delta', 'language') as $column) {
+    foreach (array('delta', 'langcode') as $column) {
       if (isset($condition[$column . '_group'])) {
         $group_name = $condition[$column . '_group'];
         if (!isset($groups[$column][$group_name])) {
diff --git a/core/modules/field/field.attach.inc b/core/modules/field/field.attach.inc
index 34826cb..ff579c7 100644
--- a/core/modules/field/field.attach.inc
+++ b/core/modules/field/field.attach.inc
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ const FIELD_STORAGE_INSERT = 'insert';
  *  - 'deleted': If TRUE, the function will operate on deleted fields
  *    as well as non-deleted fields. If unset or FALSE, only
  *    non-deleted fields are operated on.
- *  - 'language': A language code or an array of language codes keyed by field
+ *  - 'langcode': A language code or an array of language codes keyed by field
  *    name. It will be used to narrow down to a single value the available
  *    languages to act on.
  */
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ function _field_invoke($op, $entity_type, $entity, &$a = NULL, &$b = NULL, $opti
   $default_options = array(
     'default' => FALSE,
     'deleted' => FALSE,
-    'language' => NULL,
+    'langcode' => NULL,
   );
   $options += $default_options;
 
@@ -201,10 +201,10 @@ function _field_invoke($op, $entity_type, $entity, &$a = NULL, &$b = NULL, $opti
     $function = $options['default'] ? 'field_default_' . $op : $field['module'] . '_field_' . $op;
     if (function_exists($function)) {
       // Determine the list of languages to iterate on.
-      $available_languages = field_available_languages($entity_type, $field);
-      $languages = _field_language_suggestion($available_languages, $options['language'], $field_name);
+      $available_langcodes = field_available_languages($entity_type, $field);
+      $langcodes = _field_language_suggestion($available_langcodes, $options['langcode'], $field_name);
 
-      foreach ($languages as $langcode) {
+      foreach ($langcodes as $langcode) {
         $items = isset($entity->{$field_name}[$langcode]) ? $entity->{$field_name}[$langcode] : array();
         $result = $function($entity_type, $entity, $field, $instance, $langcode, $items, $a, $b);
         if (isset($result)) {
@@ -268,9 +268,9 @@ function _field_invoke($op, $entity_type, $entity, &$a = NULL, &$b = NULL, $opti
  *  - 'deleted': If TRUE, the function will operate on deleted fields
  *    as well as non-deleted fields. If unset or FALSE, only
  *    non-deleted fields are operated on.
- *  - 'language': A language code or an array of arrays of language codes keyed
+ *  - 'langcode': A language code or an array of arrays of language codes keyed
  *    by entity id and field name. It will be used to narrow down to a single
- *    value the available languages to act on.
+ *    value the available language codes to act on.
  *
  * @return
  *   An array of returned values keyed by entity id.
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ function _field_invoke_multiple($op, $entity_type, $entities, &$a = NULL, &$b =
   $default_options = array(
     'default' => FALSE,
     'deleted' => FALSE,
-    'language' => NULL,
+    'langcode' => NULL,
   );
   $options += $default_options;
   $field_info = field_info_field_by_ids();
@@ -316,12 +316,12 @@ function _field_invoke_multiple($op, $entity_type, $entities, &$a = NULL, &$b =
         }
         // Extract the field values into a separate variable, easily accessed
         // by hook implementations.
-        // Unless a language suggestion is provided we iterate on all the
-        // available languages.
-        $available_languages = field_available_languages($entity_type, $field);
-        $language = !empty($options['language'][$id]) ? $options['language'][$id] : $options['language'];
-        $languages = _field_language_suggestion($available_languages, $language, $field_name);
-        foreach ($languages as $langcode) {
+        // Unless a language code suggestion is provided we iterate on all the
+        // available language codes.
+        $available_langcodes = field_available_languages($entity_type, $field);
+        $langcode = !empty($options['langcode'][$id]) ? $options['langcode'][$id] : $options['langcode'];
+        $langcodes = _field_language_suggestion($available_langcodes, $langcode, $field_name);
+        foreach ($langcodes as $langcode) {
           $grouped_items[$field_id][$langcode][$id] = isset($entity->{$field_name}[$langcode]) ? $entity->{$field_name}[$langcode] : array();
           // Group the instances and entities corresponding to the current
           // field.
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ function field_attach_form($entity_type, $entity, &$form, &$form_state, $langcod
   $form += array('#parents' => array());
 
   // If no language is provided use the default site language.
-  $options = array('language' => field_valid_language($langcode));
+  $options = array('langcode' => field_valid_language($langcode));
   $form += (array) _field_invoke_default('form', $entity_type, $entity, $form, $form_state, $options);
 
   // Add custom weight handling.
@@ -1095,7 +1095,7 @@ function field_attach_delete_revision($entity_type, $entity) {
  *   is provided the current language is used.
  */
 function field_attach_prepare_view($entity_type, $entities, $view_mode, $langcode = NULL) {
-  $options = array('language' => array());
+  $options = array('langcode' => array());
 
   // To ensure hooks are only run once per entity, only process items without
   // the _field_view_prepared flag.
@@ -1106,9 +1106,9 @@ function field_attach_prepare_view($entity_type, $entities, $view_mode, $langcod
       // Add this entity to the items to be prepared.
       $prepare[$id] = $entity;
 
-      // Determine the actual language to display for each field, given the
-      // languages available in the field data.
-      $options['language'][$id] = field_language($entity_type, $entity, NULL, $langcode);
+      // Determine the actual language code to display for each field, given the
+      // language codes available in the field data.
+      $options['langcode'][$id] = field_language($entity_type, $entity, NULL, $langcode);
 
       // Mark this item as prepared.
       $entity->_field_view_prepared = TRUE;
@@ -1171,10 +1171,10 @@ function field_attach_prepare_view($entity_type, $entities, $view_mode, $langcod
  *   A renderable array for the field values.
  */
 function field_attach_view($entity_type, $entity, $view_mode, $langcode = NULL) {
-  // Determine the actual language to display for each field, given the
-  // languages available in the field data.
-  $display_language = field_language($entity_type, $entity, NULL, $langcode);
-  $options = array('language' => $display_language);
+  // Determine the actual language code to display for each field, given the
+  // language codes available in the field data.
+  $display_langcode = field_language($entity_type, $entity, NULL, $langcode);
+  $options = array('langcode' => $display_langcode);
 
   // Invoke field_default_view().
   $null = NULL;
@@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@ function field_attach_view($entity_type, $entity, $view_mode, $langcode = NULL)
     'entity' => $entity,
     'view_mode' => $view_mode,
     'display' => $view_mode,
-    'language' => $langcode,
+    'langcode' => $langcode,
   );
   drupal_alter('field_attach_view', $output, $context);
 
@@ -1266,7 +1266,7 @@ function field_attach_preprocess($entity_type, $entity, $element, &$variables) {
  *   The source language from which translate.
  */
 function field_attach_prepare_translation($entity_type, $entity, $langcode, $source_entity, $source_langcode) {
-  $options = array('language' => $langcode);
+  $options = array('langcode' => $langcode);
   // Copy source field values into the entity to be prepared.
   _field_invoke_default('prepare_translation', $entity_type, $entity, $source_entity, $source_langcode, $options);
   // Let field types handle their own advanced translation pattern if needed.
diff --git a/core/modules/field/field.module b/core/modules/field/field.module
index 1ea128b..2f3041c 100644
--- a/core/modules/field/field.module
+++ b/core/modules/field/field.module
@@ -867,10 +867,10 @@ function field_view_value($entity_type, $entity, $field_name, $item, $display =
  *     - weight: (float) The weight to assign to the renderable element.
  *       Defaults to 0.
  * @param $langcode
- *   (Optional) The language the field values are to be shown in. The site's
- *   current language fallback logic will be applied no values are available
- *   for the language. If no language is provided the current language will be
- *   used.
+ *   (Optional) The language code the field values are to be shown in. The
+ *   site's current language fallback logic will be applied when no values are
+ *   available for given language code. If no language code is provided the
+ *   current language will be used.
  * @return
  *   A renderable array for the field value.
  *
@@ -887,10 +887,10 @@ function field_view_field($entity_type, $entity, $field_name, $display = array()
 
     // Hook invocations are done through the _field_invoke() functions in
     // 'single field' mode, to reuse the language fallback logic.
-    // Determine the actual language to display for the field, given the
-    // languages available in the field data.
-    $display_language = field_language($entity_type, $entity, $field_name, $langcode);
-    $options = array('field_name' => $field_name, 'language' => $display_language);
+    // Determine the actual language code to display for the field, given the
+    // language codes available in the field data.
+    $display_langcode = field_language($entity_type, $entity, $field_name, $langcode);
+    $options = array('field_name' => $field_name, 'langcode' => $display_langcode);
     $null = NULL;
 
     // Invoke prepare_view steps if needed.
diff --git a/core/modules/field/field.multilingual.inc b/core/modules/field/field.multilingual.inc
index a4f5f8f..2f6610b 100644
--- a/core/modules/field/field.multilingual.inc
+++ b/core/modules/field/field.multilingual.inc
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
  * @code
  * $entity->{$field_name}[$langcode][$delta][$column_name]
  * @endcode
- * Every field can hold a single or multiple value for each language belonging
- * to the available languages set:
+ * Every field can hold a single or multiple value for each language code
+ * belonging to the available language codes set:
  * - For untranslatable fields this set only contains LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED.
  * - For translatable fields this set can contain any language code. By default
  *   it is the list returned by field_content_languages(), which contains all
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
  *   default can be altered by modules implementing
  *   hook_field_available_languages_alter().
  *
- * The available languages for a particular field are returned by
+ * The available language codes for a particular field are returned by
  * field_available_languages(). Whether a field is translatable is determined by
  * calling field_is_translatable(), which checks the $field['translatable']
  * property returned by field_info_field(), and whether there is at least one
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@
  * translations.
  *
  * By default, _field_invoke() and _field_invoke_multiple() are processing a
- * field in all available languages, unless they are given a language
+ * field in all available languages, unless they are given a language code
  * suggestion. Based on that suggestion, _field_language_suggestion() determines
  * the languages to act on.
  *
- * Most field_attach_*() functions act on all available languages, except for
- * the following:
+ * Most field_attach_*() functions act on all available language codes, except
+ * for the following:
  * - field_attach_form() only takes a single language code, specifying which
  *   language the field values will be submitted in.
  * - field_attach_view() requires the language the entity will be displayed in.
@@ -85,11 +85,11 @@ function field_language_delete() {
 }
 
 /**
- * Collects the available languages for the given entity type and field.
+ * Collects the available language codes for the given entity type and field.
  *
  * If the given field has language support enabled, an array of available
- * languages will be returned, otherwise only LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED will be
- * returned. Since the default value for a 'translatable' entity property is
+ * language codes will be returned, otherwise only LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED will
+ * be returned. Since the default value for a 'translatable' entity property is
  * FALSE, we ensure that only entities that are able to handle translations
  * actually get translatable fields.
  *
@@ -104,38 +104,39 @@ function field_language_delete() {
 function field_available_languages($entity_type, $field) {
   static $drupal_static_fast;
   if (!isset($drupal_static_fast)) {
-    $drupal_static_fast['field_languages'] = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__);
+    $drupal_static_fast['field_langcodes'] = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__);
   }
-  $field_languages = &$drupal_static_fast['field_languages'];
+  $field_langcodes = &$drupal_static_fast['field_langcodes'];
   $field_name = $field['field_name'];
 
-  if (!isset($field_languages[$entity_type][$field_name])) {
+  if (!isset($field_langcodes[$entity_type][$field_name])) {
     // If the field has language support enabled we retrieve an (alterable) list
     // of enabled languages, otherwise we return just LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED.
     if (field_is_translatable($entity_type, $field)) {
-      $languages = field_content_languages();
+      $langcodes = field_content_languages();
       // Let other modules alter the available languages.
       $context = array('entity_type' => $entity_type, 'field' => $field);
-      drupal_alter('field_available_languages', $languages, $context);
-      $field_languages[$entity_type][$field_name] = $languages;
+      drupal_alter('field_available_languages', $langcodes, $context);
+      $field_langcodes[$entity_type][$field_name] = $langcodes;
     }
     else {
-      $field_languages[$entity_type][$field_name] = array(LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED);
+      $field_langcodes[$entity_type][$field_name] = array(LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED);
     }
   }
 
-  return $field_languages[$entity_type][$field_name];
+  return $field_langcodes[$entity_type][$field_name];
 }
 
 /**
- * Process the given language suggestion based on the available languages.
+ * Process the given language code suggestion based on the available language
+ * codes.
  *
- * If a non-empty language suggestion is provided it must appear among the
- * available languages, otherwise it will be ignored.
+ * If a non-empty language code suggestion is provided it must appear among the
+ * available language codes, otherwise it will be ignored.
  *
- * @param $available_languages
+ * @param $available_langcodes
  *   An array of valid language codes.
- * @param $language_suggestion
+ * @param $langcode_suggestion
  *   A language code or an array of language codes keyed by field name.
  * @param $field_name
  *   The name of the field being processed.
@@ -143,28 +144,28 @@ function field_available_languages($entity_type, $field) {
  * @return
  *   An array of valid language codes.
  */
-function _field_language_suggestion($available_languages, $language_suggestion, $field_name) {
+function _field_language_suggestion($available_langcodes, $langcode_suggestion, $field_name) {
   // Handle possible language suggestions.
-  if (!empty($language_suggestion)) {
+  if (!empty($langcode_suggestion)) {
     // We might have an array of language suggestions keyed by field name.
-    if (is_array($language_suggestion) && isset($language_suggestion[$field_name])) {
-      $language_suggestion = $language_suggestion[$field_name];
+    if (is_array($langcode_suggestion) && isset($langcode_suggestion[$field_name])) {
+      $langcode_suggestion = $langcode_suggestion[$field_name];
     }
 
     // If we have a language suggestion and the suggested language is available,
     // we return only it.
-    if (in_array($language_suggestion, $available_languages)) {
-      $available_languages = array($language_suggestion);
+    if (in_array($langcode_suggestion, $available_langcodes)) {
+      $available_langcodes = array($langcode_suggestion);
     }
   }
 
-  return $available_languages;
+  return $available_langcodes;
 }
 
 /**
- * Returns available content languages.
+ * Returns available content language codes.
  *
- * The languages that may be associated to fields include
+ * The language codes that may be associated to fields include
  * LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED.
  *
  * @return
@@ -229,9 +230,9 @@ function field_has_translation_handler($entity_type, $handler = NULL) {
 /**
  * Ensures that a given language code is valid.
  *
- * Checks whether the given language is one of the enabled languages. Otherwise,
- * it returns the current, global language; or the site's default language, if
- * the additional parameter $default is TRUE.
+ * Checks whether the given language code is one of the enabled language codes.
+ * Otherwise, it returns the current, global language code; or the site's
+ * default language code, if the additional parameter $default is TRUE.
  *
  * @param $langcode
  *   The language code to validate.
@@ -251,16 +252,18 @@ function field_valid_language($langcode, $default = TRUE) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Returns the display language for the fields attached to the given entity.
+ * Returns the display language code for the fields attached to the given
+ * entity.
  *
- * The actual language for each given field is determined based on the requested
- * language and the actual data available in the fields themselves.
+ * The actual language code for each given field is determined based on the
+ * requested language code and the actual data available in the fields
+ * themselves.
  * If there is no registered translation handler for the given entity type, the
- * display language to be used is just LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED, as no other
+ * display language code to be used is just LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED, as no other
  * language code is allowed by field_available_languages().
  *
  * If translation handlers are found, we let modules provide alternative display
- * languages for fields not having the requested language available.
+ * language codes for fields not having the requested language code available.
  * Core language fallback rules are provided by locale_field_language_fallback()
  * which is called by locale_field_language_alter().
  *
@@ -270,8 +273,8 @@ function field_valid_language($langcode, $default = TRUE) {
  *   The entity to be displayed.
  * @param $field_name
  *   (optional) The name of the field to be displayed. Defaults to NULL. If
- *   no value is specified, the display languages for every field attached to
- *   the given entity will be returned.
+ *   no value is specified, the display language codes for every field attached
+ *   to the given entity will be returned.
  * @param $langcode
  *   (optional) The language code $entity has to be displayed in. Defaults to
  *   NULL. If no value is given the current language will be used.
@@ -281,38 +284,38 @@ function field_valid_language($langcode, $default = TRUE) {
  *   keyed by field name otherwise.
  */
 function field_language($entity_type, $entity, $field_name = NULL, $langcode = NULL) {
-  $display_languages = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, array());
+  $display_langcodes = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, array());
   list($id, , $bundle) = entity_extract_ids($entity_type, $entity);
   $langcode = field_valid_language($langcode, FALSE);
 
-  if (!isset($display_languages[$entity_type][$id][$langcode])) {
-    $display_language = array();
+  if (!isset($display_langcodes[$entity_type][$id][$langcode])) {
+    $display_langcode = array();
 
     // By default display language is set to LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED if the field
     // translation is not available. It is up to translation handlers to
     // implement language fallback rules.
     foreach (field_info_instances($entity_type, $bundle) as $instance) {
-      $display_language[$instance['field_name']] = isset($entity->{$instance['field_name']}[$langcode]) ? $langcode : LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED;
+      $display_langcode[$instance['field_name']] = isset($entity->{$instance['field_name']}[$langcode]) ? $langcode : LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED;
     }
 
     if (field_has_translation_handler($entity_type)) {
       $context = array(
         'entity_type' => $entity_type,
         'entity' => $entity,
-        'language' => $langcode,
+        'langcode' => $langcode,
       );
-      drupal_alter('field_language', $display_language, $context);
+      drupal_alter('field_language', $display_langcode, $context);
     }
 
-    $display_languages[$entity_type][$id][$langcode] = $display_language;
+    $display_langcodes[$entity_type][$id][$langcode] = $display_langcode;
   }
 
-  $display_language = $display_languages[$entity_type][$id][$langcode];
+  $display_langcode = $display_langcodes[$entity_type][$id][$langcode];
 
   // Single-field mode.
   if (isset($field_name)) {
-    return isset($display_language[$field_name]) ? $display_language[$field_name] : FALSE;
+    return isset($display_langcode[$field_name]) ? $display_langcode[$field_name] : FALSE;
   }
 
-  return $display_language;
+  return $display_langcode;
 }
diff --git a/core/modules/field/modules/field_sql_storage/field_sql_storage.install b/core/modules/field/modules/field_sql_storage/field_sql_storage.install
index 4a3a00e..056873b 100644
--- a/core/modules/field/modules/field_sql_storage/field_sql_storage.install
+++ b/core/modules/field/modules/field_sql_storage/field_sql_storage.install
@@ -77,3 +77,51 @@ function _update_7000_field_sql_storage_write($entity_type, $bundle, $entity_id,
     $revision_query->execute();
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * Changes field language into langcode.
+ */
+function field_sql_storage_update_8000(&$sandbox) {
+  // Prepare updated schema data structures.
+  $primary_key_data = array (
+    'entity_type',
+    'entity_id',
+    'deleted',
+    'delta',
+    'langcode',
+  );
+  $primary_key_revision = array (
+    'entity_type',
+    'entity_id',
+    'revision_id',
+    'deleted',
+    'delta',
+    'langcode',
+  );
+  $langcode_index = array(
+    'langcode',
+  );
+  $field_langcode = array(
+    'type' => 'varchar',
+    'length' => 32,
+    'not null' => true,
+    'default' => '',
+  );
+
+  // Retrieve field data.
+  $fields = _update_7000_field_read_fields(array('storage_type' => 'field_sql_storage'));
+
+  // Update schema.
+  foreach ($fields as $field) {
+    $data_table = _field_sql_storage_tablename($field);
+    $revision_table = _field_sql_storage_revision_tablename($field);
+
+    foreach (array($data_table, $revision_table) as $table) {
+      db_drop_primary_key($table);
+      db_drop_index($table, 'language');
+      db_change_field($table, 'language', 'langcode', $field_langcode);
+      db_add_primary_key($table, $primary_key_data);
+      db_add_index($table, 'langcode', $langcode_index);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/core/modules/field/modules/field_sql_storage/field_sql_storage.module b/core/modules/field/modules/field_sql_storage/field_sql_storage.module
index adc50bd..14e5745 100644
--- a/core/modules/field/modules/field_sql_storage/field_sql_storage.module
+++ b/core/modules/field/modules/field_sql_storage/field_sql_storage.module
@@ -146,13 +146,13 @@ function _field_sql_storage_schema($field) {
         'not null' => FALSE,
         'description' => 'The entity revision id this data is attached to, or NULL if the entity type is not versioned',
       ),
-      // @todo Consider storing language as integer.
-      'language' => array(
+      // @todo Consider storing langcode as integer.
+      'langcode' => array(
         'type' => 'varchar',
         'length' => 32,
         'not null' => TRUE,
         'default' => '',
-        'description' => 'The language for this data item.',
+        'description' => 'The language code for this data item.',
       ),
       'delta' => array(
         'type' => 'int',
@@ -161,14 +161,14 @@ function _field_sql_storage_schema($field) {
         'description' => 'The sequence number for this data item, used for multi-value fields',
       ),
     ),
-    'primary key' => array('entity_type', 'entity_id', 'deleted', 'delta', 'language'),
+    'primary key' => array('entity_type', 'entity_id', 'deleted', 'delta', 'langcode'),
     'indexes' => array(
       'entity_type' => array('entity_type'),
       'bundle' => array('bundle'),
       'deleted' => array('deleted'),
       'entity_id' => array('entity_id'),
       'revision_id' => array('revision_id'),
-      'language' => array('language'),
+      'langcode' => array('langcode'),
     ),
   );
 
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ function _field_sql_storage_schema($field) {
   // Construct the revision table.
   $revision = $current;
   $revision['description'] = "Revision archive storage for {$deleted}field {$field['id']} ({$field['field_name']})";
-  $revision['primary key'] = array('entity_type', 'entity_id', 'revision_id', 'deleted', 'delta', 'language');
+  $revision['primary key'] = array('entity_type', 'entity_id', 'revision_id', 'deleted', 'delta', 'langcode');
   $revision['fields']['revision_id']['not null'] = TRUE;
   $revision['fields']['revision_id']['description'] = 'The entity revision id this data is attached to';
 
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ function field_sql_storage_field_storage_load($entity_type, $entities, $age, $fi
       ->fields('t')
       ->condition('entity_type', $entity_type)
       ->condition($load_current ? 'entity_id' : 'revision_id', $ids, 'IN')
-      ->condition('language', field_available_languages($entity_type, $field), 'IN')
+      ->condition('langcode', field_available_languages($entity_type, $field), 'IN')
       ->orderBy('delta');
 
     if (empty($options['deleted'])) {
@@ -350,11 +350,11 @@ function field_sql_storage_field_storage_load($entity_type, $entities, $age, $fi
 
     $delta_count = array();
     foreach ($results as $row) {
-      if (!isset($delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->language])) {
-        $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->language] = 0;
+      if (!isset($delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->langcode])) {
+        $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->langcode] = 0;
       }
 
-      if ($field['cardinality'] == FIELD_CARDINALITY_UNLIMITED || $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->language] < $field['cardinality']) {
+      if ($field['cardinality'] == FIELD_CARDINALITY_UNLIMITED || $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->langcode] < $field['cardinality']) {
         $item = array();
         // For each column declared by the field, populate the item
         // from the prefixed database column.
@@ -364,8 +364,8 @@ function field_sql_storage_field_storage_load($entity_type, $entities, $age, $fi
         }
 
         // Add the item to the field values for the entity.
-        $entities[$row->entity_id]->{$field_name}[$row->language][] = $item;
-        $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->language]++;
+        $entities[$row->entity_id]->{$field_name}[$row->langcode][] = $item;
+        $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->langcode]++;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -386,39 +386,39 @@ function field_sql_storage_field_storage_write($entity_type, $entity, $op, $fiel
     $table_name = _field_sql_storage_tablename($field);
     $revision_name = _field_sql_storage_revision_tablename($field);
 
-    $all_languages = field_available_languages($entity_type, $field);
-    $field_languages = array_intersect($all_languages, array_keys((array) $entity->$field_name));
+    $all_langcodes = field_available_languages($entity_type, $field);
+    $field_langcodes = array_intersect($all_langcodes, array_keys((array) $entity->$field_name));
 
     // Delete and insert, rather than update, in case a value was added.
     if ($op == FIELD_STORAGE_UPDATE) {
-      // Delete languages present in the incoming $entity->$field_name.
-      // Delete all languages if $entity->$field_name is empty.
-      $languages = !empty($entity->$field_name) ? $field_languages : $all_languages;
-      if ($languages) {
+      // Delete language codes present in the incoming $entity->$field_name.
+      // Delete all language codes if $entity->$field_name is empty.
+      $langcodes = !empty($entity->$field_name) ? $field_langcodes : $all_langcodes;
+      if ($langcodes) {
         db_delete($table_name)
           ->condition('entity_type', $entity_type)
           ->condition('entity_id', $id)
-          ->condition('language', $languages, 'IN')
+          ->condition('langcode', $langcodes, 'IN')
           ->execute();
         db_delete($revision_name)
           ->condition('entity_type', $entity_type)
           ->condition('entity_id', $id)
           ->condition('revision_id', $vid)
-          ->condition('language', $languages, 'IN')
+          ->condition('langcode', $langcodes, 'IN')
           ->execute();
       }
     }
 
     // Prepare the multi-insert query.
     $do_insert = FALSE;
-    $columns = array('entity_type', 'entity_id', 'revision_id', 'bundle', 'delta', 'language');
+    $columns = array('entity_type', 'entity_id', 'revision_id', 'bundle', 'delta', 'langcode');
     foreach ($field['columns'] as $column => $attributes) {
       $columns[] = _field_sql_storage_columnname($field_name, $column);
     }
     $query = db_insert($table_name)->fields($columns);
     $revision_query = db_insert($revision_name)->fields($columns);
 
-    foreach ($field_languages as $langcode) {
+    foreach ($field_langcodes as $langcode) {
       $items = (array) $entity->{$field_name}[$langcode];
       $delta_count = 0;
       foreach ($items as $delta => $item) {
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ function field_sql_storage_field_storage_write($entity_type, $entity, $op, $fiel
           'revision_id' => $vid,
           'bundle' => $bundle,
           'delta' => $delta,
-          'language' => $langcode,
+          'langcode' => $langcode,
         );
         foreach ($field['columns'] as $column => $attributes) {
           $record[_field_sql_storage_columnname($field_name, $column)] = isset($item[$column]) ? $item[$column] : NULL;
@@ -626,8 +626,8 @@ function _field_sql_storage_query_field_conditions(EntityFieldQuery $query, Sele
     // Add the specified condition.
     $sql_field = "$table_alias." . $column_callback($field['field_name'], $condition['column']);
     $query->addCondition($select_query, $sql_field, $condition);
-    // Add delta / language group conditions.
-    foreach (array('delta', 'language') as $column) {
+    // Add delta / langcode group conditions.
+    foreach (array('delta', 'langcode') as $column) {
       if (isset($condition[$column . '_group'])) {
         $group_name = $condition[$column . '_group'];
         if (!isset($groups[$column][$group_name])) {
diff --git a/core/modules/field/modules/field_sql_storage/field_sql_storage.test b/core/modules/field/modules/field_sql_storage/field_sql_storage.test
index 83bef35..87c388a 100644
--- a/core/modules/field/modules/field_sql_storage/field_sql_storage.test
+++ b/core/modules/field/modules/field_sql_storage/field_sql_storage.test
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class FieldSqlStorageTestCase extends DrupalWebTestCase {
     $eid = 0;
     $langcode = LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED;
 
-    $columns = array('entity_type', 'entity_id', 'revision_id', 'delta', 'language', $this->field_name . '_value');
+    $columns = array('entity_type', 'entity_id', 'revision_id', 'delta', 'langcode', $this->field_name . '_value');
 
     // Insert data for four revisions to the field revisions table
     $query = db_insert($this->revision_table)->fields($columns);
@@ -95,15 +95,16 @@ class FieldSqlStorageTestCase extends DrupalWebTestCase {
       }
     }
 
-    // Add a translation in an unavailable language and verify it is not loaded.
+    // Add a translation in an unavailable language code and verify it is not
+    // loaded.
     $eid = $evid = 1;
-    $unavailable_language = 'xx';
+    $unavailable_langcode = 'xx';
     $entity = field_test_create_stub_entity($eid, $evid, $this->instance['bundle']);
-    $values = array($entity_type, $eid, $evid, 0, $unavailable_language, mt_rand(1, 127));
+    $values = array($entity_type, $eid, $evid, 0, $unavailable_langcode, mt_rand(1, 127));
     db_insert($this->table)->fields($columns)->values($values)->execute();
     db_insert($this->revision_table)->fields($columns)->values($values)->execute();
     field_attach_load($entity_type, array($eid => $entity));
-    $this->assertFalse(array_key_exists($unavailable_language, $entity->{$this->field_name}), 'Field translation in an unavailable language ignored');
+    $this->assertFalse(array_key_exists($unavailable_langcode, $entity->{$this->field_name}), 'Field translation in an unavailable language ignored');
   }
 
   /**
@@ -241,10 +242,10 @@ class FieldSqlStorageTestCase extends DrupalWebTestCase {
     $this->assertEqual($count, 0, 'NULL field leaves no data in table');
 
     // Add a translation in an unavailable language.
-    $unavailable_language = 'xx';
+    $unavailable_langcode = 'xx';
     db_insert($this->table)
-      ->fields(array('entity_type', 'bundle', 'deleted', 'entity_id', 'revision_id', 'delta', 'language'))
-      ->values(array($entity_type, $this->instance['bundle'], 0, 0, 0, 0, $unavailable_language))
+      ->fields(array('entity_type', 'bundle', 'deleted', 'entity_id', 'revision_id', 'delta', 'langcode'))
+      ->values(array($entity_type, $this->instance['bundle'], 0, 0, 0, 0, $unavailable_langcode))
       ->execute();
     $count = db_select($this->table)
       ->countQuery()
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ class FieldSqlStorageTestCase extends DrupalWebTestCase {
 
     // Update: Field translation is missing but field is not empty. Translation
     // data should survive.
-    $entity->{$this->field_name}[$unavailable_language] = array(mt_rand(1, 127));
+    $entity->{$this->field_name}[$unavailable_langcode] = array(mt_rand(1, 127));
     unset($entity->{$this->field_name}[$langcode]);
     field_attach_update($entity_type, $entity);
     $count = db_select($this->table)
diff --git a/core/modules/field/tests/field.test b/core/modules/field/tests/field.test
index 3566484..61c7073 100644
--- a/core/modules/field/tests/field.test
+++ b/core/modules/field/tests/field.test
@@ -2732,21 +2732,21 @@ class FieldTranslationsTestCase extends FieldTestCase {
 
     // Test hook_field_languages() invocation on a translatable field.
     variable_set('field_test_field_available_languages_alter', TRUE);
-    $enabled_languages = field_content_languages();
-    $available_languages = field_available_languages($this->entity_type, $this->field);
-    foreach ($available_languages as $delta => $langcode) {
+    $enabled_langcodes = field_content_languages();
+    $available_langcodes = field_available_languages($this->entity_type, $this->field);
+    foreach ($available_langcodes as $delta => $langcode) {
       if ($langcode != 'xx' && $langcode != 'en') {
-        $this->assertTrue(in_array($langcode, $enabled_languages), t('%language is an enabled language.', array('%language' => $langcode)));
+        $this->assertTrue(in_array($langcode, $enabled_langcodes), t('%language is an enabled language.', array('%language' => $langcode)));
       }
     }
-    $this->assertTrue(in_array('xx', $available_languages), t('%language was made available.', array('%language' => 'xx')));
-    $this->assertFalse(in_array('en', $available_languages), t('%language was made unavailable.', array('%language' => 'en')));
+    $this->assertTrue(in_array('xx', $available_langcodes), t('%language was made available.', array('%language' => 'xx')));
+    $this->assertFalse(in_array('en', $available_langcodes), t('%language was made unavailable.', array('%language' => 'en')));
 
     // Test field_available_languages() behavior for untranslatable fields.
     $this->field['translatable'] = FALSE;
     field_update_field($this->field);
-    $available_languages = field_available_languages($this->entity_type, $this->field);
-    $this->assertTrue(count($available_languages) == 1 && $available_languages[0] === LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED, t('For untranslatable fields only LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED is available.'));
+    $available_langcodes = field_available_languages($this->entity_type, $this->field);
+    $this->assertTrue(count($available_langcodes) == 1 && $available_langcodes[0] === LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED, t('For untranslatable fields only LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED is available.'));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -2762,14 +2762,14 @@ class FieldTranslationsTestCase extends FieldTestCase {
     // Populate some extra languages to check if _field_invoke() correctly uses
     // the result of field_available_languages().
     $values = array();
-    $extra_languages = mt_rand(1, 4);
-    $languages = $available_languages = field_available_languages($this->entity_type, $this->field);
-    for ($i = 0; $i < $extra_languages; ++$i) {
-      $languages[] = $this->randomName(2);
+    $extra_langcodes = mt_rand(1, 4);
+    $langcodes = $available_langcodes = field_available_languages($this->entity_type, $this->field);
+    for ($i = 0; $i < $extra_langcodes; ++$i) {
+      $langcodes[] = $this->randomName(2);
     }
 
     // For each given language provide some random values.
-    foreach ($languages as $langcode) {
+    foreach ($langcodes as $langcode) {
       for ($delta = 0; $delta < $this->field['cardinality']; $delta++) {
         $values[$langcode][$delta]['value'] = mt_rand(1, 127);
       }
@@ -2784,7 +2784,7 @@ class FieldTranslationsTestCase extends FieldTestCase {
       $this->assertEqual($hash, $result, t('The result for %language is correctly stored.', array('%language' => $langcode)));
     }
 
-    $this->assertEqual(count($results), count($available_languages), t('No unavailable language has been processed.'));
+    $this->assertEqual(count($results), count($available_langcodes), t('No unavailable language has been processed.'));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -2799,23 +2799,23 @@ class FieldTranslationsTestCase extends FieldTestCase {
     $entities = array();
     $entity_type = 'test_entity';
     $entity_count = mt_rand(2, 5);
-    $available_languages = field_available_languages($this->entity_type, $this->field);
+    $available_langcodes = field_available_languages($this->entity_type, $this->field);
 
     for ($id = 1; $id <= $entity_count; ++$id) {
       $entity = field_test_create_stub_entity($id, $id, $this->instance['bundle']);
-      $languages = $available_languages;
+      $langcodes = $available_langcodes;
 
       // Populate some extra languages to check whether _field_invoke()
       // correctly uses the result of field_available_languages().
-      $extra_languages = mt_rand(1, 4);
-      for ($i = 0; $i < $extra_languages; ++$i) {
-        $languages[] = $this->randomName(2);
+      $extra_langcodes = mt_rand(1, 4);
+      for ($i = 0; $i < $extra_langcodes; ++$i) {
+        $langcodes[] = $this->randomName(2);
       }
 
       // For each given language provide some random values.
-      $language_count = count($languages);
+      $language_count = count($langcodes);
       for ($i = 0; $i < $language_count; ++$i) {
-        $langcode = $languages[$i];
+        $langcode = $langcodes[$i];
         // Avoid to populate at least one field translation to check that
         // per-entity language suggestions work even when available field values
         // are different for each language.
@@ -2826,8 +2826,8 @@ class FieldTranslationsTestCase extends FieldTestCase {
         }
         // Ensure that a language for which there is no field translation is
         // used as display language to prepare per-entity language suggestions.
-        elseif (!isset($display_language)) {
-          $display_language = $langcode;
+        elseif (!isset($display_langcode)) {
+          $display_langcode = $langcode;
         }
       }
 
@@ -2835,7 +2835,7 @@ class FieldTranslationsTestCase extends FieldTestCase {
       $entities[$id] = $entity;
 
       // Store per-entity language suggestions.
-      $options['language'][$id] = field_language($entity_type, $entity, NULL, $display_language);
+      $options['langcode'][$id] = field_language($entity_type, $entity, NULL, $display_langcode);
     }
 
     $grouped_results = _field_invoke_multiple('test_op_multiple', $entity_type, $entities);
@@ -2848,14 +2848,14 @@ class FieldTranslationsTestCase extends FieldTestCase {
           $this->assertEqual($hash, $result, t('The result for entity %id/%language is correctly stored.', array('%id' => $id, '%language' => $langcode)));
         }
       }
-      $this->assertEqual(count($results), count($available_languages), t('No unavailable language has been processed for entity %id.', array('%id' => $id)));
+      $this->assertEqual(count($results), count($available_langcodes), t('No unavailable language has been processed for entity %id.', array('%id' => $id)));
     }
 
     $null = NULL;
     $grouped_results = _field_invoke_multiple('test_op_multiple', $entity_type, $entities, $null, $null, $options);
     foreach ($grouped_results as $id => $results) {
       foreach ($results as $langcode => $result) {
-        $this->assertTrue(isset($options['language'][$id]), t('The result language %language for entity %id was correctly suggested (display language: %display_language).', array('%id' => $id, '%language' => $langcode, '%display_language' => $display_language)));
+        $this->assertTrue(isset($options['langcode'][$id]), t('The result language code %langcode for entity %id was correctly suggested (display language: %display_langcode).', array('%id' => $id, '%langcode' => $langcode, '%display_langcode' => $display_langcode)));
       }
     }
   }
@@ -2875,9 +2875,9 @@ class FieldTranslationsTestCase extends FieldTestCase {
     $entity_type = 'test_entity';
     $entity = field_test_create_stub_entity($eid, $evid, $this->instance['bundle']);
     $field_translations = array();
-    $available_languages = field_available_languages($entity_type, $this->field);
-    $this->assertTrue(count($available_languages) > 1, t('Field is translatable.'));
-    foreach ($available_languages as $langcode) {
+    $available_langcodes = field_available_languages($entity_type, $this->field);
+    $this->assertTrue(count($available_langcodes) > 1, t('Field is translatable.'));
+    foreach ($available_langcodes as $langcode) {
       $field_translations[$langcode] = $this->_generateTestFieldValues($this->field['cardinality']);
     }
 
@@ -2924,8 +2924,8 @@ class FieldTranslationsTestCase extends FieldTestCase {
     $entity = field_test_create_stub_entity(1, 1, $this->instance['bundle']);
     $instances = field_info_instances($entity_type, $this->instance['bundle']);
 
-    $enabled_languages = field_content_languages();
-    $languages = array();
+    $enabled_langcodes = field_content_languages();
+    $langcodes = array();
 
     // Generate field translations for languages different from the first
     // enabled.
@@ -2935,48 +2935,48 @@ class FieldTranslationsTestCase extends FieldTestCase {
       do {
         // Index 0 is reserved for the requested language, this way we ensure
         // that no field is actually populated with it.
-        $langcode = $enabled_languages[mt_rand(1, count($enabled_languages) - 1)];
+        $langcode = $enabled_langcodes[mt_rand(1, count($enabled_langcodes) - 1)];
       }
-      while (isset($languages[$langcode]));
-      $languages[$langcode] = TRUE;
+      while (isset($langcodes[$langcode]));
+      $langcodes[$langcode] = TRUE;
       $entity->{$field_name}[$langcode] = $this->_generateTestFieldValues($field['cardinality']);
     }
 
     // Test multiple-fields display languages for untranslatable entities.
     field_test_entity_info_translatable($entity_type, FALSE);
     drupal_static_reset('field_language');
-    $requested_language = $enabled_languages[0];
-    $display_language = field_language($entity_type, $entity, NULL, $requested_language);
+    $requested_langcode = $enabled_langcodes[0];
+    $display_langcodes = field_language($entity_type, $entity, NULL, $requested_langcode);
     foreach ($instances as $instance) {
       $field_name = $instance['field_name'];
-      $this->assertTrue($display_language[$field_name] == LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED, t('The display language for field %field_name is %language.', array('%field_name' => $field_name, '%language' => LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED)));
+      $this->assertTrue($display_langcodes[$field_name] == LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED, t('The display language for field %field_name is %language.', array('%field_name' => $field_name, '%language' => LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED)));
     }
 
     // Test multiple-fields display languages for translatable entities.
     field_test_entity_info_translatable($entity_type, TRUE);
     drupal_static_reset('field_language');
-    $display_language = field_language($entity_type, $entity, NULL, $requested_language);
+    $display_langcodes = field_language($entity_type, $entity, NULL, $requested_langcode);
 
     foreach ($instances as $instance) {
       $field_name = $instance['field_name'];
-      $langcode = $display_language[$field_name];
+      $langcode = $display_langcodes[$field_name];
       // As the requested language was not assinged to any field, if the
       // returned language is defined for the current field, core fallback rules
       // were successfully applied.
-      $this->assertTrue(isset($entity->{$field_name}[$langcode]) && $langcode != $requested_language, t('The display language for the field %field_name is %language.', array('%field_name' => $field_name, '%language' => $langcode)));
+      $this->assertTrue(isset($entity->{$field_name}[$langcode]) && $langcode != $requested_langcode, t('The display language for the field %field_name is %language.', array('%field_name' => $field_name, '%language' => $langcode)));
     }
 
     // Test single-field display language.
     drupal_static_reset('field_language');
-    $langcode = field_language($entity_type, $entity, $this->field_name, $requested_language);
-    $this->assertTrue(isset($entity->{$this->field_name}[$langcode]) && $langcode != $requested_language, t('The display language for the (single) field %field_name is %language.', array('%field_name' => $field_name, '%language' => $langcode)));
+    $langcode = field_language($entity_type, $entity, $this->field_name, $requested_langcode);
+    $this->assertTrue(isset($entity->{$this->field_name}[$langcode]) && $langcode != $requested_langcode, t('The display language for the (single) field %field_name is %language.', array('%field_name' => $field_name, '%language' => $langcode)));
 
     // Test field_language() basic behavior without language fallback.
     variable_set('field_test_language_fallback', FALSE);
-    $entity->{$this->field_name}[$requested_language] = mt_rand(1, 127);
+    $entity->{$this->field_name}[$requested_langcode] = mt_rand(1, 127);
     drupal_static_reset('field_language');
-    $display_language = field_language($entity_type, $entity, $this->field_name, $requested_language);
-    $this->assertEqual($display_language, $requested_language, t('Display language behave correctly when language fallback is disabled'));
+    $display_langcode = field_language($entity_type, $entity, $this->field_name, $requested_langcode);
+    $this->assertEqual($display_langcode, $requested_langcode, t('Display language behave correctly when language fallback is disabled'));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -2990,13 +2990,13 @@ class FieldTranslationsTestCase extends FieldTestCase {
     field_test_entity_info_translatable($this->entity_type, TRUE);
     $eid = 1;
     $entity = field_test_create_stub_entity($eid, $eid, $this->instance['bundle']);
-    $available_languages = array_flip(field_available_languages($this->entity_type, $this->field));
-    unset($available_languages[LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED]);
+    $available_langcodes = array_flip(field_available_languages($this->entity_type, $this->field));
+    unset($available_langcodes[LANGUAGE_NOT_SPECIFIED]);
     $field_name = $this->field['field_name'];
 
     // Store the field translations.
     $entity->is_new = TRUE;
-    foreach ($available_languages as $langcode => $value) {
+    foreach ($available_langcodes as $langcode => $value) {
       $entity->{$field_name}[$langcode][0]['value'] = $value + 1;
     }
     field_test_entity_save($entity);
@@ -3007,18 +3007,18 @@ class FieldTranslationsTestCase extends FieldTestCase {
     $this->drupalPost('test-entity/manage/' . $eid . '/edit', $edit, t('Save'));
 
     // Check translation revisions.
-    $this->checkTranslationRevisions($eid, $eid, $available_languages);
-    $this->checkTranslationRevisions($eid, $eid + 1, $available_languages);
+    $this->checkTranslationRevisions($eid, $eid, $available_langcodes);
+    $this->checkTranslationRevisions($eid, $eid + 1, $available_langcodes);
   }
 
   /**
    * Check if the field translation attached to the entity revision identified
    * by the passed arguments were correctly stored.
    */
-  private function checkTranslationRevisions($eid, $evid, $available_languages) {
+  private function checkTranslationRevisions($eid, $evid, $available_langcodes) {
     $field_name = $this->field['field_name'];
     $entity = field_test_entity_test_load($eid, $evid);
-    foreach ($available_languages as $langcode => $value) {
+    foreach ($available_langcodes as $langcode => $value) {
       $passed = isset($entity->{$field_name}[$langcode]) && $entity->{$field_name}[$langcode][0]['value'] == $value + 1;
       $this->assertTrue($passed, t('The @language translation for revision @revision was correctly stored', array('@language' => $langcode, '@revision' => $entity->ftvid)));
     }
diff --git a/core/modules/field/tests/field_test.module b/core/modules/field/tests/field_test.module
index 75823c6..90e25c8 100644
--- a/core/modules/field/tests/field_test.module
+++ b/core/modules/field/tests/field_test.module
@@ -101,22 +101,22 @@ function field_test_field_test_op_multiple($entity_type, $entities, $field, $ins
 /**
  * Implements hook_field_available_languages_alter().
  */
-function field_test_field_available_languages_alter(&$languages, $context) {
+function field_test_field_available_languages_alter(&$langcodes, $context) {
   if (variable_get('field_test_field_available_languages_alter', FALSE)) {
-    // Add an unavailable language.
-    $languages[] = 'xx';
-    // Remove an available language.
-    $index = array_search('en', $languages);
-    unset($languages[$index]);
+    // Add an unavailable language code.
+    $langcodes[] = 'xx';
+    // Remove an available language code.
+    $index = array_search('en', $langcodes);
+    unset($langcodes[$index]);
   }
 }
 
 /**
  * Implements hook_field_language_alter().
  */
-function field_test_field_language_alter(&$display_language, $context) {
+function field_test_field_language_alter(&$display_langcode, $context) {
   if (variable_get('field_test_language_fallback', TRUE)) {
-    locale_field_language_fallback($display_language, $context['entity'], $context['language']);
+    locale_field_language_fallback($display_langcode, $context['entity'], $context['langcode']);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/core/modules/field/tests/field_test.storage.inc b/core/modules/field/tests/field_test.storage.inc
index a26af17..eaa0851 100644
--- a/core/modules/field/tests/field_test.storage.inc
+++ b/core/modules/field/tests/field_test.storage.inc
@@ -94,17 +94,17 @@ function field_test_field_storage_load($entity_type, $entities, $age, $fields, $
     foreach ($field_data[$sub_table] as $row) {
       if ($row->type == $entity_type && (!$row->deleted || $options['deleted'])) {
         if (($load_current && in_array($row->entity_id, $ids)) || (!$load_current && in_array($row->revision_id, $ids))) {
-          if (in_array($row->language, field_available_languages($entity_type, $field))) {
-            if (!isset($delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->language])) {
-              $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->language] = 0;
+          if (in_array($row->langcode, field_available_languages($entity_type, $field))) {
+            if (!isset($delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->langcode])) {
+              $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->langcode] = 0;
             }
-            if ($field['cardinality'] == FIELD_CARDINALITY_UNLIMITED || $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->language] < $field['cardinality']) {
+            if ($field['cardinality'] == FIELD_CARDINALITY_UNLIMITED || $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->langcode] < $field['cardinality']) {
               $item = array();
               foreach ($field['columns'] as $column => $attributes) {
                 $item[$column] = $row->{$column};
               }
-              $entities[$row->entity_id]->{$field_name}[$row->language][] = $item;
-              $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->language]++;
+              $entities[$row->entity_id]->{$field_name}[$row->langcode][] = $item;
+              $delta_count[$row->entity_id][$row->langcode]++;
             }
           }
         }
@@ -126,17 +126,17 @@ function field_test_field_storage_write($entity_type, $entity, $op, $fields) {
     $field_name = $field['field_name'];
     $field_data = &$data[$field_id];
 
-    $all_languages = field_available_languages($entity_type, $field);
-    $field_languages = array_intersect($all_languages, array_keys((array) $entity->$field_name));
+    $all_langcodes = field_available_languages($entity_type, $field);
+    $field_langcodes = array_intersect($all_langcodes, array_keys((array) $entity->$field_name));
 
     // Delete and insert, rather than update, in case a value was added.
     if ($op == FIELD_STORAGE_UPDATE) {
       // Delete languages present in the incoming $entity->$field_name.
       // Delete all languages if $entity->$field_name is empty.
-      $languages = !empty($entity->$field_name) ? $field_languages : $all_languages;
-      if ($languages) {
+      $langcodes = !empty($entity->$field_name) ? $field_langcodes : $all_langcodes;
+      if ($langcodes) {
         foreach ($field_data['current'] as $key => $row) {
-          if ($row->type == $entity_type && $row->entity_id == $id && in_array($row->language, $languages)) {
+          if ($row->type == $entity_type && $row->entity_id == $id && in_array($row->langcode, $langcodes)) {
             unset($field_data['current'][$key]);
           }
         }
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ function field_test_field_storage_write($entity_type, $entity, $op, $fields) {
       }
     }
 
-    foreach ($field_languages as $langcode) {
+    foreach ($field_langcodes as $langcode) {
       $items = (array) $entity->{$field_name}[$langcode];
       $delta_count = 0;
       foreach ($items as $delta => $item) {
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ function field_test_field_storage_write($entity_type, $entity, $op, $fields) {
           'bundle' => $bundle,
           'delta' => $delta,
           'deleted' => FALSE,
-          'language' => $langcode,
+          'langcode' => $langcode,
         );
         foreach ($field['columns'] as $column => $attributes) {
           $row->{$column} = isset($item[$column]) ? $item[$column] : NULL;
diff --git a/core/modules/locale/locale.module b/core/modules/locale/locale.module
index 6d3ded0..b2a8610 100644
--- a/core/modules/locale/locale.module
+++ b/core/modules/locale/locale.module
@@ -346,11 +346,11 @@ function locale_theme() {
 /**
  * Implements hook_field_language_alter().
  */
-function locale_field_language_alter(&$display_language, $context) {
+function locale_field_language_alter(&$display_langcode, $context) {
   // Do not apply core language fallback rules if they are disabled or if Locale
   // is not registered as a translation handler.
   if (variable_get('locale_field_language_fallback', TRUE) && field_has_translation_handler($context['entity_type'], 'locale')) {
-    locale_field_language_fallback($display_language, $context['entity'], $context['language']);
+    locale_field_language_fallback($display_langcode, $context['entity'], $context['langcode']);
   }
 }
 
@@ -365,32 +365,32 @@ function locale_field_language_alter(&$display_language, $context) {
  * behavior can be disabled by setting the 'locale_field_language_fallback'
  * variable to FALSE.
  *
- * @param $display_language
+ * @param $field_langcodes
  *   A reference to an array of language codes keyed by field name.
  * @param $entity
  *   The entity to be displayed.
  * @param $langcode
  *   The language code $entity has to be displayed in.
  */
-function locale_field_language_fallback(&$display_language, $entity, $langcode) {
+function locale_field_language_fallback(&$field_langcodes, $entity, $langcode) {
   // Lazily init fallback candidates to avoid unnecessary calls.
   $fallback_candidates = NULL;
   $field_languages = array();
 
-  foreach ($display_language as $field_name => $field_language) {
+  foreach ($field_langcodes as $field_name => $field_langcode) {
     // If the requested language is defined for the current field use it,
     // otherwise search for a fallback value among the fallback candidates.
     if (isset($entity->{$field_name}[$langcode])) {
-      $display_language[$field_name] = $langcode;
+      $field_langcodes[$field_name] = $langcode;
     }
     elseif (!empty($entity->{$field_name})) {
       if (!isset($fallback_candidates)) {
         require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/core/includes/language.inc';
         $fallback_candidates = language_fallback_get_candidates();
       }
-      foreach ($fallback_candidates as $fallback_language) {
-        if (isset($entity->{$field_name}[$fallback_language])) {
-          $display_language[$field_name] = $fallback_language;
+      foreach ($fallback_candidates as $fallback_langcode) {
+        if (isset($entity->{$field_name}[$fallback_langcode])) {
+          $field_langcodes[$field_name] = $fallback_langcode;
           break;
         }
       }