diff -u b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Config/CachedStorage.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Config/CachedStorage.php
--- b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Config/CachedStorage.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Config/CachedStorage.php
@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@
    * Implements Drupal\Core\Config\StorageInterface::write().
    */
   public function write($name, array $data) {
-    // Not all data that is written is necessarily read; just invalidate the
-    // cache.
-    $this->cache->delete($name);
+    // While not all written data is read back, setting the cache immediately
+    // avoids cache rebuild stampedes.
+    $this->cache->set($name, $data, CacheBackendInterface::CACHE_PERMANENT, array('config' => array($name)));
     return $this->storage->write($name, $data);
   }
 
@@ -93,8 +93,11 @@
    * Implements Drupal\Core\Config\StorageInterface::delete().
    */
   public function delete($name) {
+    // If the cache was the first to be deleted, another process might start
+    // rebuilding the cache before the storage is gone.
+    $return = $this->storage->delete($name);
     $this->cache->delete($name);
-    return $this->storage->delete($name);
+    return $return;
   }
 
   /**