Intranet for K-12

We are trying to build an intranet community site here for a K-12 school and running into a few problems and being somewhat new to drupal I cannot figure out how to solve some problems. I have a vague idea but cannot quite connect the dots. So I would appreciate any help other drupalers can offer.

Here is what we are working with and trying to achieve:
Basically We Have the following categories: Devisions(Upper, Middle, Lower), Departments (Math, Science, Etc.), Grades (K-12), plus misc categories...
There is some content that belongs to all categories, some only to devisions, some is limited to certain grade and department.
k-4 teachers have a set of pages with information and a newspaper which is essentially a blog.
5-12 have departmental blogs. Department Pages which pull in all the information from Department Member Blogs and pages as well as list department members in particular division .

So if I go to the Middle school page, I will see the latest blog posts from all middle school teachers, as well as a list of Middle School teachers under departments to which they belong. Plus Resources/Downloads that belong specifically to middle school.

If I am on the main page of the site I would see the list of all the latest posts from all over school.
I am on the Math page I would see all the latest math posts k-12 plus the list of faculty under their division.
If I am on the lower school math I would only see the posts belonging to lower school.

I am thinking of a way where each user could belong to the taxonomy terms so if somebody is an upper/middle school math teacher they would belong to Upper School, Middle School, Math and maybe teacher category, this way when I go to Middle SChool page I could just pull links to their profile on the side using a view. But I do not know how to do this. If anybody could offer any input it would be greatly appreciated.