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When you say "specific taxonomy list" do you vocabulary?

Here is a simple module called latest, it has two files (below). Create a folder under modules called 'latest', create the two file latest.module and lastest.info (in the 'latest' folder). Enable the module, optionally set the default vocabulary to use. To use, use the path ''latest' (uses the default vocabulary if one is defined), or 'latest/{vid}' where {vid} is a vocabulary id (number). You can make this your default home page under "Administer" -> "Site configuration" -> "Site Information" by setting 'Default front page:'

latest.info

name = Latest Node
description = Displays the latest node in a given vocabulary

latest.module

<?php

function latest_page($vid = 0) {
	if ( $vid ) {
		$vid = variable_get('latest_vocabulary', 0);
	}
	$sql = "SELECT n.nid FROM {node} n JOIN {term_node} tn USING(nid) JOIN {term_data} td USING(tid) WHERE td.vid = %d";
	$nid = db_result(db_query_range($sql, $vid, 0, 1));
	if ( ! $nid ) {
		drupal_not_found();
		return;
	}
	
	$node = node_load($nid);
	
	return node_page_view($node);
}

function latest_menu($may_cache) {
  $items = array();

  if ($may_cache) {
    $items[] = array(
      'path' => 'admin/settings/latest',
      'title' => t('Latest'),
      'description' => t('Configure latest vocabulary.'),
      'callback' => 'drupal_get_form',
      'callback arguments' => array('latest_settings'),
      'access' => user_access('administer site configuration'),
      'type' => MENU_NORMAL_ITEM
    );
   $items[] = array(
   	'path' => 'latest',
   	'title' => t('Latest Content'),
    'callback' => 'latest_page',
    'access' => user_access('access content'),
    'type' => MENU_CALLBACK
   );
  }

  return $items;
}

function latest_settings() {

	$options = array(0 => 'Select vocabulary');
	$vocabs = taxonomy_get_vocabularies();
	foreach ( $vocabs as $vocab ) {
		$options[$vocab->vid] = $vocab->name;
	}
	$form['latest_vocabulary'] = array(
		'#type' => 'select',
		'#title' => t('Default Vocabulary'),
		'#options' =>  $options,
		'#default_value' => variable_get('latest_vocabulary', 0),
		'#description' => t('The default vocabulary to use to select the latest content.')
	);
	
  return system_settings_form($form);
}