Apache 2 configuration of clean URLs on Debian
Last modified: March 8, 2009 - 17:41
Note: This article needs to be updated for Debian "Etch" and "Lenny" releases. (as of March 2009)
If you're running Apache 2 on Debian stable, in order to install the rewrite module you simply need to:
# a2enmod rewrite
then restart the webserver:
# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
then edit either /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/drupal or to your .htaccess and ensure it looks something like this:
#
# Apache/PHP/site settings:
#
# Protect files and directories from prying eyes:
<Files ~ "(\.(conf|inc|module|pl|sh|sql|theme|engine|xtmpl)|Entries|Repositories|Root|scripts|updates)$">
order deny,allow
deny from all
</Files>
# Set some options
Options -Indexes
Options +FollowSymLinks
# Customized server error messages:
ErrorDocument 404 /index.php
# Set the default handler to index.php:
DirectoryIndex index.php
# Overload PHP variables:
<IfModule sapi_apache2.c>
# If you are using Apache 2, you have to use <IfModule sapi_apache2.c>
# instead of <IfModule mod_php4.c>.
php_value register_globals 0
php_value track_vars 1
php_value short_open_tag 1
php_value magic_quotes_gpc 0
php_value magic_quotes_runtime 0
php_value magic_quotes_sybase 0
php_value arg_separator.output "&"
php_value session.cache_expire 200000
php_value session.gc_maxlifetime 200000
php_value session.cookie_lifetime 2000000
php_value session.auto_start 0
php_value session.save_handler user
php_value session.cache_limiter none
php_value allow_call_time_pass_reference On
</IfModule>
# Various rewrite rules
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine on
Options All
# Modify the RewriteBase if you are using Drupal in a subdirectory and the
# rewrite rules are not working properly:
RewriteBase /drupal
# Rewrite old-style URLS of the form 'node.php?id=x':
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^id=([^&]+)$
RewriteRule node.php index.php?q=node/view/%1 [L]
# Rewrite old-style URLs of the form 'module.php?mod=x':
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^mod=([^&]+)$
RewriteRule module.php index.php?q=%1 [L]
# Rewrite URLs of the form 'index.php?q=x':
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
</IfModule>
# $Id: .htaccess,v 1.58 2004/10/09 20:41:49 dries Exp $This is because the debian package installs the drupal "sites-enabled" virtual host, result being that drupal is accessed from http://example.com/drupal, hence the need to uncomment RewriteBase. Change it to the base that corresponds to your system.
ref: http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/136
http://drupal.org/node/14322
--
Sean K. O'Brien
CTO
Colley Graphics, LLC
http://www.colleygraphics.com
Virtual hosts
I am using apache2 on debian and I first encountered some problems while following instructions here since I had a Virtual Host directive in the apache configuration for my drupal site.
In case you have a VirtualHost directive make sure it includes "AllowOverride All" and not "AllowOverride None". Secondly, I was using the "RewriteBase /my_drupal_site_directory" as described above and the clean URLs was not working. When I comment that part out they became working. I guess if you already have a VirtualHost directive for that directory you shouldn't specify the RewriteBase.
Debian - Clean URL's and Virtual Hosting
Thanks to pembeci for pointing this out.
I had initially uncomment the "RewriteBase /mysite" in an .htaccess file and later updated my test server to allow virtual hosting. I was banging my head when clean url's wasn't working and I knew I was overlooking something.
So if you enable virtual hosting in apache then comment out the "RewriteBase /mysite" in you sites-enabled file or the local .htaccess file and you'll save yourself some time.
Debian - Clean URL's and subdirectories without Virtual Hosting
If you run drupal in a subdirectory off your main website (say: http://www.example.com/drupal )
AND
If you follow the above instructions and uncomment the RewriteBase /drupal line in your .htaccess or http.d (or your drupal apache configuration file)
THEN you must also change the RewriteRule
FROM:
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
TO:
RewriteRule ^drupal/(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
(It took me until I enabled RewriteLog and RewriteLogLevel 2 to understand why my clean url's weren't working.... they had the initial drupal copied after the "?q="!!! :'(
no need to change .htaccess
after you enable rewrite module, edit
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default, and change<Directory /var/www/>Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride none
to
<Directory /var/www/>Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride all
done.
IMPORTANT
Hi,
Please note that with the method 'HOLZ' has specified I GOT 500 errors instead of 404s etc ! ...
andre`
Clean URLs not working after all your advice!
Hi,
I activated a2enmod rewrite, configured /etc/apache2/sites-available/default as
DocumentRoot /var/www/mysite/
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
then modified my /var/www/mysite/.htaccess as:
# Various rewrite rules.
RewriteEngine on
Options All
RewriteBase /mysite
# Rewrite current-style URLs of the form 'index.php?q=x'.
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ mysite/index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
trying all possible combinations of:
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
RewriteRule ^mysite/(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
and it is not working.
Please need help,
R.
URL alias is working for me using this
I have updated my debian system for new softwares today and now there is no RedirectMatch line in default file located at /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/default.
It seems like apache in debian is not using any default location for 1st page like it was using before http://example.com/apache-default/
So for me clean url is working using a 3 step process
Step 1 : Use this command
a2enmod rewriteStep 2 : Change AllowOverride none to AllowOverride All at both the places in default file located at /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/default
Step 3 : Restart apache using the command
/etc/init.d/apache2 restartI hope this will help
URL alias is working for me using this
This way clean url is working for me too.
Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 (lenny)
acquia-drupal-1.2.1
No need for tweaking the .htaccess file.
HTH
Confirmed on Lenny with manual Drupal install
I can confirm that the method of sourabh.iitm works on Debian Lenny with a manual install of Drupal 6.10, although for step 2 I changed to "AllowOverride All" in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default, and only in the section:
<Directory /var/www/>Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
You also get by with
/etc/init.d/apache2 force-reloadinstead of/etc/init.d/apache2 restart.Help! 000-default hides drupal sites in subdirectories of root
I use Ubuntu jaunty because it is an option in VirtualBox.
The webserver is:
Apache/2.2.11 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.2.6-3ubuntu4.1 with Suhosin-Patch
I work from http://justinhileman.info/articles/a-more-secure-drupal-multisite-install
I would like to ask for your help.
I'll show you my set up first and then i'll get to my questions, the most important one of which is:
How is it that i must disable 000-default to see my Drupal sites?
This is a bit long because I want to be as clear as I can, but I'm just a themer so I'm really grasping to understand this server management stuff.
Set up
I have added several drupal installations at
/var/www/drupal6
/var/www/drupal7
/var/www/mysite
My apache2 has a default virtual site configuration for localhost that is described by
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default(Strictly speaking 000-default is a symlink to the true configuration file
/etc/apache2/sites-available/default.)I have added the following configuration files for my own virtual sites:
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/drupal6dev/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/drupal7dev/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/subdomain.drupal6devI have added these sites to my hosts file as
drupal6.devwww.drupal6.devsubdomain.drupal6.devdrupal7.devwww.drupal7.dev/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default
points to the physical localhost root
/var/www.the other files point at th physical directories:
var/www/drupal6var/www/drupal7var/www/subdomain.drupal6respectively.This is a snapshot of
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:<VirtualHost *:80>ServerName localhost
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
DocumentRoot /var/www
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
~
Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"
<Directory "/usr/share/doc/">
Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
This is a snapshot of
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/drupal6dev:<VirtualHost *>ServerName localhost
ServerAlias drupal6.dev
ServerAdmin ikke@drupal6.dev
DocumentRoot /var/www/drupal6
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks Multiviews
AllowOverride All
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/drupal6>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Multiviews
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
AllowOverride all
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
~
</VirtualHost>
I use Drupal's default .htaccess at /var/www/drupal6.
To redirect drupal6.dev to www.drupal6.dev I have uncommented this code:
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^drupal6\.dev$ [NC]RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.drupal6.dev/$1 [L,R=301]
To enable clean urls I have uncommented this code:
RewriteBase /Questions
As a bonus question:
/var/wwwwith a .htaccess rewrite in root, instead of using virtualhost configurations?...of je stopt de stekker erin.