Can I have multiple images attached to node, create node type "image", and attach images into comments?

try the image attach and Image module... this is to add a field to a content type, the field, uses the file field module and allows some image functions.

FileField will not allow you to attach images to comments. Though I wouldn't recommend using image.module and image_attach, since they don't allow attaching images to comments either and they're dying modules (see #513096: The Future of Image in Drupal 7). The only way you can use images on comments that I know of is using Node Comment module and converting your comments to nodes, but that doesn't sound like what you're wanting to do either if I'm understanding correctly. You want the image to be attached to the main node when uploaded from a comment. As far as I know there's no existing solution for this.

Is there no way to aggregate the images attached to a node via Node Comment and show them inside (or at least alongside, with a View) the original node itself?

This is a feature I've been trying to figure out for sometime, and it seems nearly possible this way. Though I am curious if it's been tried!

You should be able to do what you're describing with View Attach. I'm closing this issue after lack of activity.