Confused how user content works
Okay, this might be silly. But I'm new here. I don't understand how content contribution works -- like when I get other people to sign up and participate with contributions like video, blogs, stories, etc.
The blog feature, for example, posts to the home page be default. I don't want users cluttering it up, so I unchecked it. To test how it works, I made a dummy account and gave blog permissions.
What's cool is blogs appear to be kept organized. I was afraid they'd get mixed in on one page or something. But here's my question. Users sign up and contribute content, but how exactly do other people find that content? What if I want is a specific page with all the blogs listed. The users should be able to see submitted blogs without it appearing on the home page. Maybe have a page with categories and search or something. I want people to see contributed content, I just want it to be structured. How exactly does this work?

You should look at Views
You should look at Views module it's really awsome for those kind of things.
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Beside views there are some
Beside views there are some core paths that are useful.
For all blogs, the path 'blog' should show the latest blog entries regardless of author.
For content categorized with taxonomy there are paths of the form taxonomy/term/{tid} where {tid} is a numeric taxonomy id (you can use pathauto to alias the path).
The simple views module makes it easy to build a view that lists only content of type X.