In Drupal 7.x there was a function called entity_label() to print the label of an entity. This function was removed in Drupal 8.x, you should use the method EntityInterface::label() instead.
Additionally, that function now supports an optional langcode argument, which is also passed through to the label callback that allows to get the label for a different language than the current one.
A functional wrapper for EntityInterface::label() exists which is called entity_page_label(). This function can for example be used for title callbacks in hook_menu() definitions and similar cases that do not allow to directly call an object method.
7.x
print entity_label('node', $node);
8.x
print $node->label();