So the docs team has been working to create a new components list for the Documentation issue queue. The components in an issue are the way you specify the part of the larger project that the issue relates to. You can see an example of the old list in the screenshot below.

The old component list was mostly named after the books in the Handbook. Many of those don't exist or don't use the name listed anymore. We have changed the list to be task based to make it easier to organize the tasks we need to do. The new component list is the following:
Correction/Clarification
New documentation
Placement and navigation
Delete comments
Outdated
Vandalism/Spam
Join documentation team
Documentation in CVS
Other documentation issues
EDIT: Documentation for CVS is no longer a Documentation component pursuant to #296364: Proposal: Move all api.drupal.org issues to the Drupal project. All of those issues were moved to the Drupal project, Documentation component.
The important point for everyone to realize is that by changing the components so dramatically, due to how Project module uses them, we will get validation errors when leaving new comments on existing issues. (New issues created after the change will not be effected.) The reason this happens is because this is a required field on the form and it needs to also be a valid component selected. Completely replacing the list means no existing issues will have valid components anymore. The documentation team will be working to reset the issues as quickly as possible. If you do happen to comment on a documentation issue and get a validation error, please just select a new, appropriate component and proceed as normal. If you aren't sure which one to choose, just select "Other documentation issues". Also feel free to help out the team by resetting as many issues as you like and have time to do. It will help Drupal docs immensely. Thanks!
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Note to this page
As of #4 from @add1sun
to thread Addition of section with "Issue report Component" - descriptions
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