Change record status: 
Project: 
Introduced in branch: 
8.x
Description: 

The site information settings (as found on http://example.com/admin/config/system/site-information) have been converted to the config system.
For more information on the system as a whole, see http://drupal.org/node/1500260.

D7 and D8 usages are shown on alternating lines to better convey the changes in variable name:

variable_get('site_name', 'Drupal');
Drupal::config('system.site')->get('name');

variable_get('site_mail', '');
Drupal::config('system.site')->get('mail');

variable_get('site_slogan', '');
Drupal::config('system.site')->get('slogan');

variable_get('site_frontpage', 'user');
Drupal::config('system.site')->get('page.front');

variable_get('site_403', '');
Drupal::config('system.site')->get('page.403');

variable_get('site_404', '');
Drupal::config('system.site')->get('page.404');

If you plan on using multiple settings from the same set of configuration, you should store that as a variable first:

$site_config = config('system.site');
$site_config->get('name');
$site_config->get('page.404');
Impacts: 
Module developers
Updates Done (doc team, etc.)
Online documentation: 
Not done
Theming guide: 
Not done
Module developer documentation: 
Not done
Examples project: 
Not done
Coder Review: 
Not done
Coder Upgrade: 
Not done
Other: 
Other updates done