Module development and code questions

I figured I would better post this question here than in the post-installation forum.

Here is the use case:

Nodes have a google Maps Place ID.
I want to display the rating and reviews for each node in a block that will be shown on a node page.

The google rating should also feed into structured metatags.

google APIs slow the site down, so I want to cache the block contents and set it to refresh after pageload at regular intervals, to get the data ready for the next visitor.

I am a very experienced Drupal 7 developer.  13 years.  I am now undergoing the unpleasant process of learning Drupal 10.  

What I am looking for is the definitive "how to" on module development.  Something that spells out what each of the files are, what all of the parameters are and how they interact.  From the very start: creating something that will appear on the Extend list, all the way to custom forms and menus and more advanced elements.

Any suggestions?

 I see there exists a commercial contrib module but my first impression is it is not something I want to use. I'm looking at coding by own solution. Any ideas where to start? (.module hooks, classes, services, ..etc?) You have to modify the new account and change password process. I also have to add a table or two to store a fingerprint for each user and maybe a secret key and temporary passcodes.

Hello everyone, I need to obtain the model or data structure of a database in drupal 9.5.11, I already have the SQL dump of that database but not the relationships between the tables. Can you guide me on how to obtain this?

I have download and installed Active Directory / LDAP Integration manually. I go to configuration/people but there is no selection to configure it. What am I doing wrong?

Hi,

I'm new to Drupal.  We're converting our current site to Drupal.

Some of our content types have a specific purpose. But, some are sort of generic, the only difference is the styling that is applied to them. Some pages have cards that are larger with text beneath an image and some have text wrapping the image. Some have a background that is slightly different,etc. The users insist on having everything the same in the Drupal site. What is the best approach to creating content types and handling the variations in styling?

Thank you